ABSTRACT
In recent years, heavy ion beams have received great attention in the field of malignant tumor radiotherapy due to their radiation physics and biological characteristics. The high rate of local tumor control is one of its advantages, but the control rate of metastatic lesions is still crucial in the treatment of most malignant tumors. Clinical studies on the combined conventional radiotherapy and immunotherapy suggest that the combination of the two can not only control the primary lesions, but may also reduce or completely eliminate distant metastatic lesions. High linear energy transfer radiation, especially heavy ion beams, may have stronger potential in combined immunotherapy. Therefore, this article focuses on the basic research progress of heavy ion beams regulating anti-tumor immune effects and their combined application with immunotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To preliminarily compare the efficacy and safety of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 50 patients diagnosed with advanced malignant tumors treated with Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab from January 2017 to August 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the Pembrolizumab (n=26) and Nivolumab groups (n=24). The incidence of adverse reactions was statistically compared between two groups by using χ2 test. The survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method.@*Results@#The median progression-free survival in the Pembrolizumab group was 213 d, and 146 d in the Nivolumab group (P>0.05). The incidence of aminotransferase elevation and hypothyroidism in the Nivolumab group was significantly higher than that in the Pembrolizumab group (63% vs. 23%, 12% vs. 0%, both P<0.05), whereas the incidence of oral mucositis in the Nivolumab group was 0%, significantly lower than 15% in the Pembrolizumab group (P<0.05). The median overall survival time in the Pembrolizumab group was 579 d, and 238 d in the Nivolumab group (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Clinical efficacy does not significantly differ, whereas the incidence of adverse reactions slightly differs between the Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab groups.
ABSTRACT
Objective To preliminarily compare the efficacy and safety of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors.Methods Clinical data of 50 patients diagnosed with advanced malignant tumors treated with Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab from January 2017 to August 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the Pembrolizumab (n =26) and Nivolumab groups (n =24).The incidence of adverse reactions was statistically compared between two groups by using x2 test.The survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method.Results The median progression-free survival in the Pembrolizumab group was 213 d,and 146 d in the Nivolumab group (P＞0.05).The incidence of aminotransferase elevation and hypothyroidism in the Nivolumab group was significantly higher than that in the Pembrolizumab group (63％ vs.23％,12％ vs.0％,both P＜0.05),whereas the incidence of oral mucositis in the Nivolumab group was 0％,significantly lower than 15％ in the Pembrolizumab group (P＜0.05).The median overall survival time in the Pembrolizumab group was 579 d,and 238 d in the Nivolumab group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Clinical efficacy does not significantly differ,whereas the incidence of adverse reactions slightly differs between the Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab groups.